Thursday, July 17, 2008

Exodus

The Schøyen Collection MS 206, Oslo and London. Hebrew square book script. Iraq, 1st half of 11th c. MS in Hebrew and Aramaic on vellum, Iraq, first half of 11th c., 8 ff., 39x33 cm, 2 columns, (25x25 cm), 23 lines in a large Hebrew square book script, by a scribe perhaps originating from the Maghreb (North Africa probably Tunisia). Provenance: 1. The Genizah of a Kurdistan Jewish community, North Iraq (until 1950/59); 2. Dr. Fischel, U.S.A.(from 1950/59; 3. Bernard Rosenthal, San Francisco. Commentary: The Aramaic translation is verse by verse. Among the earliest group of surviving Hebrew targum Bible MSS in codex form. Exhibited: XVI Congress of the International Organization for the study of the Old Testament. Library of Law Faculty, University of Oslo, 29 July - 7 August 1998. Elizabeth G. Sørenssen & Jingru Høivik: photography and formatting. The text covers Exodus 12:25-31, beginning in Hebrew with the second word. The first word is the end of the Aramaic Targum of v.24; The Targum of v.31 is not complete, presumably continuing on the next page.The (Greek: "departure") book of Exodus is the second book of the Torah (the Pentateuch Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy;) and also the Tanakh (the Hebrew bible), and Christian old testament. The major events of the book concern the exodus, a departure of Hebrew slaves from Egypt, through the wilderness, under the leadership of Moses to the Mountain of God (Mount Sinai). Jews call the book by its first words ve-eleh shemoth (i.e., "and these are the names") or simply "shemoth" שמות. The septuagint designates the second book of the Pentateuch as "exodus", meaning "departure" or "out-going".

The Latin translation adopted the name, which thence passed into other languages. As a result of the theme of the first half of the book, the term "an exodus" has come to mean a departure of a great number of people.

The book is generally broken into six sections:

  1. The account of the growth of the Israelites into a peoples, their enslavement in Egypt, and eventual escape (Chapters 1-12);
  2. The journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (Chapters 13-18);
  3. The formation of a covenant between Yahweh and the people, and its associated laws (Chapters 19-24);
  4. Intricate instructions for the construction of a tabernacle, priestly robes, and other ritual objects (Chapters 25-31);
  5. The episode of the golden calf, and the regiving of the law (Chapters 32-34);
  6. The construction of the tabernacle, priestly robes, and other ritual objects (Chapters 35-40).

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